The Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament organizes the word רוּם and its derivatives into three conceptual groups. First, it can denote literal height (Deuteronomy 1:28; Job 22:12; Ezekiel 10:16; Genesis 7:17; Deuteronomy 27:14). Second, it expresses positive symbolic height—glory and exaltation (2 Samuel 22:47; Psalms 18:46, 113:4; Isaiah 6:1; Psalm 27:6; Numbers 24:7; 33:3; Isaiah 26:11; 1 Samuel 2:1). Third, it conveys negative symbolic height—arrogance and pride (Deuteronomy 8:14; Ezekiel 31:10; Psalm 131:1; Job 38:15; 2 Samuel 22:28).
In its positive symbolic application, רוּם describes wisdom’s superiority over foolishness.
In its literal sense, “to rise up” functions as an idiom for appearing (Exodus 16:20). In its positive symbolic application, רוּם describes wisdom’s superiority over foolishness (Proverbs 24:7). Conversely, in its negative sense, it refers to “lofty eyes” (Proverbs 21:4). This negative usage reaches its ultimate expression in Daniel 11:36, where the antichrist “shall exalt himself…above every god.”
Disclaimer: Information in my “slip-box” doesn’t necessarily reflect my agreement with the source or all its content. Recording diverse perspectives helps strengthen one’s position beyond the echo chamber of like-minded thinkers. By documenting alternative viewpoints, we engage in the intellectual wrestling match that ultimately deepens our understanding.
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Pastor Dan Patrick, raised in Northern Virginia near Washington, D.C., holds both a Bible degree and a Master’s of Divinity. He has ministered across five states from coast to coast, serving in various capacities, including pastoral leadership. Dan’s primary mission is to help people love God’s Word and find their purpose in God’s work.
